Showing posts with label artwork. Show all posts
Showing posts with label artwork. Show all posts

Friday, October 9, 2026

Seeds, Sculptures, and the Art of Paying Attention


Attention is something people teach one another.

I’ve been thinking about that as I’ve hung about in Northern climes; I may be hard at it in my library research (as a HMML Carpenter Fellow; more on that in other posts), but my weekends are filled with new-to-me experiences.

To take an example (or two): I worked a prairie refurbishment day up by Poplar Grove IL at Kinnikinnick Creek Forest Preserve and Conservation area, Caledonia IL last weekend, and, oh, was it lovely! 

Often the tasks there are to cut back invasives, but here at the end of the season it was time to collect seed for next year’s new patches of rewilding lands. So a group of half-a-dozen volunteers went out on a Saturday for a supervised “pick” on the soon-to-be-closed-for-winter patch of prairie at the conservation area. When I say supervised, I speak as the novice; everyone else had definitely been out there before, and most of them were professional or quasi-professional preservationists of one type or another.

For our morning’s labor, we were collecting two major types of seeds -- pagoda plant (in three species: downy wood mint, hairy wood mint, and horse-mint bee-balm) and silky wild rye. Pagoda plant really does look a set of piled pagodas on a stalk. We started off just wandering the field up on the hillside, but once someone had actually found a plant, we grouped up for a mini-lesson in plant identification, and then each person took off on their own wander to play “I spy.”

Once we started finding the plants, an abundance mentality set in. They grow in patches, so if you find one set of seeds, you usually find between 20 and 50 sets of seeds. Of course, as good conservationists we took the top half so the rest could re-seed for next year. Caring for the local prairie patch is priority number one, leaving enough seed for new plants, but also for the animals that need to overwinter.

I actually did not-half-bad on the hunt-and-find for pagoda plant; I was mostly responsible for downy wood mint, but turned up a great deal of horse-mint bee-balm as a result. (Those seeds went in the other bucket so I didn’t get to count them as MY totals!) Still, every once in a while I would find a patch of the downy wood mint, enough so that I noticed that I had used my bending over muscles a good bit while out on the hillside!

The silky wild rye grew in a giant and quite obvious patch, as you may have noticed in the picture above. So harvesting there was a matter of pick a large handful, drop it in a bucket, pick another large handful, drop it in a bucket. Rinse and repeat. We had such abundance that we wound up having to combine buckets to make way for the seed bag, designed to hold about 40 lbs of animal feed. We got that bag more than half-way full, so it definitely felt like success!

By the end of that second picking, I understood the idea that one could put in an order for “75 lbs of such-and-so seed” and the main office wouldn’t actually blanch at the request. I also learned that every year, they obtain a selection of seeds, and those go into targeted refurbishments elsewhere. Every little bit helps.

Listening, I though I'd notice wind and birdsong, and it was certainly there, but I found myself instead drawn to the people telling stories -- the community they'd built, their friendships, their stories of leadership and not wanting leadership on firelines, and restorative burns and the ways in which the newbies (me?!!!) interact, particularly in "those" moments, and motivations and the ways that people respond to nature. About the building where during winter months our seeds would be cleaned and further sorted and prepared for next use.

I wasn't listening to nature, I was listening to nature being managed. And that, for me, was pretty cool. The prairie’s abundance had people behind it, people with knowledge and friendships and stories worth hearing.

Of course, I mainly took pictures of flowers instead of the dead stalks of mint plants, so my flower pictures from that trip are better. Oh well.

Common Blue Wood Aster, Aromatic Aster, and Coreopsis

What the flower pictures indicate – what our labors show – what a morning of close inspection taught me – is that the nature of the prairie is in its abundance. That abundance is not to be measured just plants-per-foot, but in kinds of plants-per-foot. Of course there were grasses, and sedges, and little vines which seemed to want to trip you. But as Jessie, our leader, gave us our instructions, she taught us to use the shapes of things – to look for a pile of pagodas, or for the waving stalks of rye – to see one shape among many, so that its shape could go on to re-seed new plots of land with similar diversity when the time comes.

Isn’t that a sweet meta-lesson on how the earth should be?

And speaking of earth, the other thing we did was to attend E(ART)H, a “Land Art” show at Nature at the Confluence, South Beloit, IL. Nature at the Confluence used to be a dump, for decades, with just piles and piles of debris on top of once had been an important tribal meeting ground. (Says something about respect and its lack, eh?) The land has been reclaimed, and a community park made through extensive efforts. There are winding trails and an interpretive center with picnic areas.

The idea behind the show was for the artists to use found materials placed within the context of this reclaimed land to make statements about the connection we all have to the earth around us. It was really well attended; in the three hours we were there I counted more than 130 people, and it had been running all day (including while we were out doing our prairie refurbishment). The opening included live music and performance – including a movement choir – as well as remarks by the artists.

Each of the artists had chosen a different array of materials and a different array of techniques. They were linked by eco-awareness; positioning their work in the landscape was a choice, and the guided tour took us variously along stream-bank, into the shaded woods, and around the circle of mown land as it edged up against prairie grasses. Place is part of art’s perception, and each artist spoke to why this spot – the fallen log which landed in the crook of the tree; a favored spot where the murmur of water joined up with the mosaic flower image to create a fibonacian meditation; the shaded nook where creation seems to both spring up from the earth and come down from the trees above.

The other reality is that art can become a way of asking us to think about place in new ways. “Mother Bison” by Jenny Mathews, for instance, creates the image of a bison but is made out of things like willow branches and grapevine, with prairie grasses and gourds for eyes. It is held together by string. Jenny placed it so that it is emerging from the taller grasses, which seemed particularly symbolic given both the history of the landscape around it and the history of the bison and its reintroduction.

Fun aside: the bison is in part a meat animal, and bison ranching for food is integrally tied up with its successful management, yet ranchers and indigenous peoples have very different views of how the animal should be treated. “Bison”-branded meat in the store is good for the animal because ranching has maintained biodiversity among the herds; we are still at the point where more animals is better for the species.

And yet, “bison” then becomes a ladened term, associated more with what can be read as exploitative culture. “Buffalo,” though colloquially familiar to us in the USA, is technically not the right word for these animals, because, as wikipedia taught me, bison are yak relatives, genus Bos, and buffalo are in two genera, the African Syncerusand the Asiatic Bubalus. All kinds of species in this world, eh?

Anyhoo, we have tended to use the misnomer “buffalo” for these majestic animals (“Where the buffalo roam, and the deer and the antelope play…”), and so the label “bison” is doing some heavy lifting in the world these days. Enough so that when Jenny approached members of a local tribe, they at first shrugged her off, because she was using the technically correct term “bison” and they thought that stood in for a way of thinking about the animal. She now leads with the term “buffalo,” and has been much more successful at connecting with them out of shared philosophy of what these majestic creatures mean for us and our mutual – if not always amicable – history.

Jessie Crow Mermel, “Ecology of a Breath” uses the echo of dendritic patterns with their branching structures – in the hand, in the lungs, in the nerves, and in the river systems. She used images on cloth, but also incorporated moss lungs, since moss actually put out more O2 than trees do! “Patterns,” she says “can serve as a mirror and remind us how deeply we are interwoven with the rest of the Earth.” Plus, I have a particular affection for Jessie’s work since she’d been the Person In Charge of the morning’s Prairie work. It brought a real sense of the nature (pun intended) of community.

The artistic statement used to advertise the exhibit seemed in keeping with the spirit of the weekend: “Our collective goal is to spark wonder, acknowledge eco-anxiety, and inspire new connections.” “Spark wonder” is a phrase I might ordinarily pass over in an exhibit announcement. This time, though, I’d spent the morning discovering how much there really was to find in a patch of prairie, and the afternoon discovering how many ways artists could ask us to look at reclaimed ground. Wonder had acquired both very particular and very memorable shapes.

It had also come with something to do. Learn a plant, gather seed, leave enough behind for an envisioned future. Listen to an artist explain why a piece belongs beside this stream or among these grasses. I can’t claim that a Saturday settled my eco-anxiety, but it did give me a few useful places to put my attention—and, for part of the day, my hands. My bending-over muscles have registered their opinion too.

NOTES

The E(ART)H Land Art exhibit is installed through 17 Oct. 2026 in South Beloit, Illinois; more details are available at https://natureattheconfluence.com/event/earth-a-land-art-exhibit/


YOU MIGHT ALSO BE INTERESTED IN:

Soundscape compositions, Chicago style: What happens when art invites us to experience a familiar place differently? Two Chicago installations—including a composition heard among the ferns of Lincoln Park Conservatory—explore how sound, surroundings, and our own movements shape what we notice.

Listening to the Birds: Bird calls can tell us what is happening around us, if we learn to hear their differences. Jon Young’s What the Robin Knows offers ways to develop that attention, from recognizing alarm calls to noticing how our own passage changes the sounds of the woods.

The silence of the woods is full of noise: Streams burble, crickets chirp, and small animals rustle through the leaves—so why do we remember the woods as silent? This reflection explores how identifying unfamiliar sounds can turn apparent quiet into a comforting sense of the life around us.

Wednesday, August 19, 2026

Why Does a Bad King Get a Good Death? Imagining the Death of King Bolesław II

Once upon a time, a King murdered a Bishop. Trust me, there’s a political backstory, but at the end of the day, king-and-murderer Bolesław the Bold was deposed and banished from the country. He took refuge with King Ladislaus I of Hungary, but accounts claim that Bolesław continued to be a nasty piece of work in Hungary as well, ticked people off, and was poisoned. Or maybe he was sent on pilgrimage and died repentant in a monastery?

Or perhaps he was reconciled and given a good clean death surrounded by companions befitting his station?

Early on, he was known as Bolesław “the Generous,” and later Bolesław the Bold. To us, he might be Bolesław the Ambiguous, though, because the line between legend and fact is hard to determine in his case. The historical story and legend intertwine in the literature, and yes, Wikipedia here is one of the best capsule summaries I’ve found. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Bold). This is definitely foreign territory for me.

But, I went down this gripping story of betrayal and posthumous reputation because of a pictorial representation of his death. The focus of the whole set of panels is actually on St Stanislaus, the martyred saint whose death he caused, but the scene of Bolesław’s own death is a bit of a puzzle and worth spending time on. In a cycle devoted to his victim, why doesn’t the king get his comeuppance at the end?


IMAGE: The Death of King Bolesław II (grouped with the Death of St Stanislaus, and the Miracle at St St Stanislaus’s Relic), Anonymous, 1490 – Budapest, Magyar Nemzeti Galeria, photographs by Cynthia Cyrus, CC-BY 4.0

We have a whole series of interlocking groupings, shaped by environment and identity, and these are the pieces of which our puzzle is made. Moving across the image in columns, we have three large areas.

Consider the various levels on the left side of the image.

We have a Virgin and Child, her mantle in white and draped on the ground, her head pointing to 10-o’clock instead of noon / midnight; she's floating on a gold background, her halo and the infant’s inscribed in the gold as outlines, her high forehead visible. The rest of the sky is remarkably abstract, with gold droplets or blobs on the largely wooden backdrop.

A town on the water – the hillside across the way providing a suggestion of an oversized skull. (And as is the way of such things, once I saw a skull there, I couldn’t unsee it. If rocks and boulders can be grouped to remind us of death, the landscape contributes to our sense of earthly closure).

The town itself provided with shade and white highlighting that serves to emphasize roof-lines and the possibly octagonal (or decagonal) tower as well as the varied window shapes with arches and rectangles enlivening the building fronts. Trees and a shed appear in the nearer ground, and an out-of-proportion dog with bone, showing us his nearness in perspective. Loyalty, fidelity: the dog teaches us the ultimate morality of the people he joins.

Screens and/or doors as backdrop to the huddle of figures, eight on the back side of the bed accompanying the bearded Bolesław, propped up and gesturing with what might be last words. The crowd has three figures with bishop’s mitres and not-scallops – jewels with ornate settings pinned to the hats on either side of a center band. Two others have gray cloth wrappings for headdress, one looking down and wearing a plain black outfit, the other standing at the very back and glancing directly at the viewer. The remaining three appear to be more secular in nature. A young person with abundant curly hair and a cap wears armor and knee-length green cloak but sports curled-at-the-toes shoes in red; another bearded figure with shaggy light brown hear has a two-toned black and yellow hat and the same yellow lines the hood of his buttoned red cloak. The final middle figure is half-a-row back, and wears a black cap that covers hair and most of his ears; he has a black-on-black robe.

In front, on the “viewer” side of the bed, stands another figure, wearing red with slashed sleeves showing a lighter undergarment; this figure has a mustache and a pleated cap; a chain or a rib of embroidered cloth appears at the nape of his neck.

The man in bed is elderly; note the gray and white hair, the wrinkled skin of the elbow, the slightly flabby arm muscles. The coronet with open foliate ornament, its point terminating in trefoil and fleur-de-lis forms – with cross atop – is backed by fabric or cloth, so functions as cap as well as crown. His body is in stasis, tucked into bed, with only his head, torso, and arms showing.

But, Bolesław’s hands are busy: he gestures with pointer finger, and the other hand seems to be scooping the air. This draws our attention to the other figures’ hands as well – the black-dressed man holds his hand in a similar scooping gesture; one of the bishops is counting with the right pointer aimed at left thumb on closed fist; and curly-locks too uses the scooping gesture in his right hand, while his left leans on the edge of the bed, fingertips touching the presumably brocade cloth. The bedcloth, however, is protected by a folded-down sheet; the bed has been made just as my mother taught me, with the blanket not touched by the hands of the one in the bed, only the sheet.

And then there’s that figure on “our” side of the bed. The left hand is lifting something – a bottle lid? A folded paper cone? And the right hand is engaged (again with cupping gesture) in holding up a beaker. On the table are a variety of objects: a small cup, a paper scroll with writing that spills over the table; a case, possibly leather, with instruments (is that an ink pot? Cupping equipment?). The remainder of the table-top seems coded differently: a covered chalice; a golden plate and cup, a five-knobbed book with two buckled straps, and a larger covered chalice suggest religious purposes. The table-cloth with its stripes could in another environment be an altar cloth.


 

In front of the table is a wooden bucket held together by two hoops; it contains two items, a lidded pitcher with spout, and a lidded tankard.

Having spent some time with the depiction itself, there were a few important emergent elements in this image that spoke to me:

First among these is the management of the dying body. One element that struck me as notable is that liquids are everywhere, but always contained: there’s a beaker, cup, covered vessels, pitcher, tankard, bucket. There’s something to that, I think. Containment is critical. Moreover, the scene presents dying not simply as an event but as something attended, provisioned, measured, and managed. Even if we cannot securely identify the red-clad attendant as physician/apothecary, the imagery strongly suggests care directed toward the body. And that’s not the forgiveness-of-sins kind of care that a murdering king might require; we’re not in the realm of last rites and sacred oils, at least not as observable action. We’re in the human realm of treat-and-watch. *Something* is being done, but we as viewers only see the counting on the thumb and the raising of the lid on the container; we don’t see the action but the contemplation of action. It’s a wonderful space for ambiguity.

To my eye, the artist is playing with us as viewers; I suspect my own incapacity to say for certain what the objects are may have been a deliberate choice. I think that is because in this image, the artist is exploiting the overlap between medical and sacramental vocabularies. The table is delightfully unstable: some objects look therapeutic or domestic, others liturgical, and as I said, the striped cloth can almost become an altar cloth. That ambiguity may be more important than identifying every vessel. At the deathbed, bodily care and preparation for eternity occupy the same visual field. Nifty, eh?

Faith without conspicuous ritual. We have those bishops, the sacred-looking vessels, and the Virgin and Child above—but remarkably little overt performance of the rites of dying. No obvious priest administering a sacrament, no book being read aloud, no prominently displayed crucifix, no prayers at the foot of the bed. The sacred permeates the scene without dominating it ceremonially. It’s sacrality in a domestic context, yet one situated in the larger landscape. That memento mori skull-like formation meets up with the dying man and with the sacred raindrops of an unfinished sky. It is an interesting juxtaposition.

Gesture substitutes for audible speech. The repeated pointing, counting, and cupped and open-handed gestures make this an unusually active deathbed. We cannot hear the king’s last words, but the painting insists that communication is occurring. Hands create a visible rhetoric of counsel, explanation, response, and perhaps testimony. Furthermore, this is death made socially legible. We don’t have an intimate farewell between one dying man and a beloved companion, nor a community lifting up their representative through visible attributes of prayer. The open book(s) with prayer-giver(s), the praying hands, the candles of other kingly deathbed images are missing here. Instead, the bed is surrounded by representatives of different identities and statuses: ecclesiastical, courtly, perhaps medical. The king’s death is consequently visible as public, witnessed, and socially authenticated – things important to kingship, but quite possibly absent in Bolesław’s own life!

The “why” of these decisions for an anonymous fifteenth century artist seems to me to lie in the realm of creating a controlled or rehabilitated death. Given Bolesław’s unstable legendary biography, we’re getting a narrative of successful reconciliation that puts him back in the cognomen “the Generous” or “the Bold” – and not “ Bolesław the excommunicate.” For a presumably Hungarian artist who knew of Bolesław’s role in establishing Hungarian kingly lineage -- he'd put Ladislaus on the throne! -- we may be getting a story where the mistaken politics of end of life are subsumed in the human drama of death-as-exculpatory. And certainly, given our painting’s position as part of the St Stanislaus cycle, our panel sets out an argument that Stanislaus's sanctity does not require Bolesław's damnation. In our representation, Bolesław does not appear abandoned, nor poisoned in disgrace, nor grotesquely punished. Instead, he dies crowned (with a cross to signal his place in the fold), accompanied by people of many stations, articulate and alert, and attended by bishops. In short, the painter gives us a socially and religiously reordered ending for a morally compromised ruler.


YOU MIGHT ALSO BE INTERESTED IN…

  • Practicing Death: The “Seven Last Words” at Thalbach — What did it mean to prepare for a good death? A messy text addition to a Thalbach prayerbook turns Christ’s Seven Last Words into a how-to for dying: confession, reconciliation, letting go, and the rather important business of getting one’s soul ready.
  • Dominican Prayer Gestures — Hands matter. Medieval prayer was something you did with the body Gestures could make interior states visible to everyone watching. Bows, prostrations, raised hands, kissed books: a bit of gestural grammar for thinking about what all those busy hands in medieval images might be saying.
  • The North Wall of Brand’s Parish Church: Challenges of Interpretation — Sometimes the surviving image simply won’t tell you exactly what it is. Faded saints, uncertain gestures, and a set of missing saints: an exercise in looking hard, comparing evidence, and knowing when “might” is the most responsible answer.

Tuesday, July 28, 2026

On viewing the frescoes at St George’s, Reichenau

If you are certain kind of medievalist, the painted wall of long ago holds a special allure. Not only can you Look At Pictures for credit, but you also have the fun of decoding the stories that are being told. When you have a whole church covered in paintings, so much the better.

And so dad and I found ourselves on a train, then a bus, to get to St George’s at Reichenau. 

The summertime tours are limited, and if you want to be sure to get in on the fun, you absolutely need to be on time to the open-to-the-public tour. Which meant that I planned our trip to start with some birding first before the tour itself, a two-fer that I strongly recommend. The kestrels had bred so there were five of them; we had a great time! (A cellphone camera isn’t up to the job of capturing kestrel glory, so here’s a picture of a European Serin instead):

Anyhow, at the appointed time, we paid the tour guide and in we went. First there’s an extended discussion of the fragility of the frescoes, and of their origins and influence, and then you’re let into the church itself.

Wowser.


Whole walls. Multiple layers. Decoration and figural program. Text as guide…

To keep today on focus, let’s take Lazarus as a case in point.


In case that Latin there at the bottom of the picture is beyond you, it’s:

Lazare, perge foras, quarto iam sole sepulte!
Rumpe moras mortis! Hoc dat imago Patris.

Lazarus, come forth, you who have now been buried for four days! Break death’s delay! Thus commands the image of the Father.

And there we have the scene: an observing crowd; Christ calling forth Lazarus at the request of the standing Martha reaching out in supplication, the prostrate figure of Lazarus’s sister Mary, who glances over her shoulder to see the miracle.

Plus, there is the embodied miracle: Lazarus in his grave-cloths, standing in his open sarcophagus. Two robed figures appear to hold their noses, a signal of the smells that would emerge from a tomb on the fourth day. And then a second crowd, many with neck cloths – a representation of prayer shawls (Boeckler and Jantzen p. 24), again observers to the miracle.

The story comes from John 11, and is the miracle that causes the priest Caiaphas to predict Christ’s death “that the whole nation perish not” – John 11: 50. But the miracle itself is the story in focus at St George’s. We have the assemblage of people, we have Martha, who met Christ afoot, and Mary who came to see him when summoned; we have the crowd, and we have the miracle:

And he that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot with graveclothes: and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith unto them, Loose him, and let him go. (KJV)

I like this scene because I think it captures a kind of optimistic, good-things-can-happen Christianity that is distinct from the more Passion-focused Christianity of my research period, some three centuries later. The needs of the congregants at Reichenau lay in the possibilities inherent in the possibilities of divine intervention. The images of St George’s encode these beliefs: demons could be expelled, sick bodies could be restored, storms could be quieted, and even, as here, death be interrupted. Kurt Martin has suggested that the eight great miracle scenes form a kind of crescendo, moving from Christ’s victory over the forces of darkness, through sickness and the dangers of the natural world, to victory over death. “Not the suffering of Christ is meant, not his humanity, but his public ministry, the demonstration of his supernatural power” (Martin, 22). 

Whether or not every viewer followed the sequence so systematically, its cumulative message is plain. Again and again, these paintings show a world gone wrong and then set right. To me, Lazarus is the climax of that promise: the tomb has opened, the dead man stands, and the sisters’ grief has—in a moment that signals the great events to come—been reversed.

That is what I mean by an optimistic, or perhaps better, an affirmational Christianity. It is not that Ottonian Christians ignored sin, judgment, or the Cross. St George itself contains a Last Judgment, and Ottonian Germany produced formidable images of the Crucifixion. But the dominant register of this nave is the triumphant, efficacious Christ. Colin Morris’s influential account of medieval religious change describes a broad movement after 1050 from emphasis on Christ’s cosmic victory and lordship toward a more human and suffering Christ who invited the viewer’s emotional identification (Morris, 139–44). St George stands on the earlier side of that change. Unlike the 15th-century prayerbooks I’ve been immersed in, its walls do not first ask viewers to share in Christ’s pain. Rather, they ask the viewer to consider what divine power can do: those storm might just fall silent, the sick may walk home, and Lazarus can emerge from his grave. 

 


Works Cited

  • Boeckler, Albert, and Hans Jantzen. “Auferweckung des Lazarus.” In Ikonographische Studien zu den Wunderszenen in der ottonischen Malerei der Reichenau.Munich, 1961, 22ff. https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.28646#0030
  • Martin, Kurt. Die ottonischen Wandbilder der St. Georgskirche Reichenau-Oberzell. 2nd rev. and expanded ed. Sigmaringen, 1975.
  • Morris, Colin. The Discovery of the Individual, 1050–1200. London, 1972/Toronto, 1987.

Interested in frescoes? I've also written on the frescoes of Brand, Vorarlberg (Austria) as a two-part post: Brand Pt 1   Brand Pt 2

Friday, December 5, 2025

A bookish saint from Brno

Time to explore another fine example of medieval art from the Moravian Gallery in Brno (Czech: Moravská galerie v Brně), this time a bookish saint.

The “Female Saint with Book” by an anonymous Moravian carver stems from around 1500. The wooden sculpture is tall and narrow, suitable for a niche or other tight space. She is crowned, and there appear to be jewels carved into that crown. There may be a veil over her hair, though its waist-length tresses seem to be otherwise unbound, for one strand has snuck over her shoulder and nestles against the crook of her arm. 

This youthful figure gazes out at us directly, her high forehead a sign of beauty, her straightforward gaze a signal of honesty, her rounded cheek a suggestion of affluence, her closed mouth with a hint of lift at the edge a gesture of inner repose.

Her robe boasts a modest scoop neck, and is cinched by a thin belt; yet below the waist, it flairs open in a dramatic upside-down V of imagined drapery to reveal her underkirtle. This is clearly secular garb, and may have had brocade with an elaborately textured surface, but with the insect damage we cannot tell for sure.

The right arm is lowered and has lost its hand – we have only the sleeve – but was bent at a 120-degree angle (pointing down but sort of aiming at the viewer).

The left hand is what interests me most. At that point where the outer garment flares, our figure holds a book. The position of that book is rather curious – she holds it sideways. The book’s back seems to be down; we see the top edge of the book, and if we were taller might see the front leaves as well. Moreover, the book is attached – perhaps by a bit of chain? –  to her belt since she neither needs to cradle the book nor press it hard against her side. The book floats, in other words, and she merely rests her hand lightly upon it. The book may be wrapped – is that a hint of gauzy fabric at the top? That would be characteristic of the day. It is clearly a beloved possession as well as an attribute of her sainthood.

And then, following our trajectory downward, we come to her feet, tucked in behind the folds of cloth. She stands on a rounded cushion or low dome rather than directly on the floor or rocks, as many other saints are depicted. In late-medieval sculpture, this kind of grounding signals nobility or spiritual elevation. It gives a lift to the figure – both to align her with our sight and to move her figuratively above the ordinary world – emphasizing her courtly bearing and inner refinement. Combined with her crown, her serene expression, and the cherished book in her hand, the cushion suggests that this is a saint whose sanctity is tied less to dramatic martyrdom or miracles and more to elevated learning, piety, and noble grace.

These details give us clues, but they also leave us guessing about her identity. Saints we might consider as candidates, given the statue's Moravian origins, include the intellectual Catherine of Alexandria, the tower-bound Barbara, or community-activist Elizabeth, all of whom were imagined in late-Gothic Central Europe as dignified, courtly women of faith.

Of course, the other saintly attributes for these women would be the “tell.” If this is Catherine, where is her wheel or sword? Neither seems to fit the dimensions of the space, so even if the hand had survived, the statue would be thrown out of kilter if such “regular attribute” were added. Barbara is perhaps more plausible; imagine the missing right hand holding a tower, and we could imagine her replete and identifiable. But for this statue to work, that tower would need to be curiously small; otherwise it would obscure her face. Though I suppose one that was shoulder height would work. If it were Elizabeth, we would expect some sign of her charity such as loaves, roses, or a small figure of the poor, but none appear here. The sculptor seems to have focused instead on the figure’s nobility and inner devotion, giving us a serene, book-holding figure rather than a tableau of her famous acts. In other words, we can read her sanctity through posture, gaze, crown, and that treasured book, but the overt symbols that would let us give her name are no more.

Wouldn’t it be nice if we knew more about who she is, or about who did the carving? Some artwork tells us stories, and indeed we could talk here about insect damage and the ravages of time, or about the wonderful luck of preservation. But artwork unmoored from its origins also poses questions that the attentive viewer might consider. Who was this lass, and what did she represent to the community that commissioned her, or to the artist who carved her? We cannot know, but we can appreciate the combination of artistry and effort that went into creating this beauty.


Other posts on Brno art

Friday, November 21, 2025

Carving the Nativity in 1520

The anonymous carving of the Nativity of Jesus that is found in the Moravian Gallery in Brno (Czech: Moravská galerie v Brně) dates from around 1520 and is sculpted from linden wood. According to the museum sign, it’s from Southern Bohemia or Lower Austria. It’s a busy image:


To the left, Joseph enters from an arched doorway, while the ox and ass peak in. The woven basket is an interesting detail, and Joseph’s beard has a more exaggerated set of curlicues compared with the torso of Christ dating from around 1500.  Clearly, there’s a style.

Mary is observing as a group of children appear to have Christ in a blanket – reminds me of the childhood game with a parachute, but with a baby, not a ball. There might be some safety concerns here.

Standing up behind is the hillside, with flocks, while we peak into a scene with a cradle on one level and a store-room on another. I’m not sure what the round basket-like object is, or the bags (?) on top of it; to my eye the thing on top looks like a lap desk, but then, I like a good lap desk.

In other words, it is a scene of abundance.

Joseph’s square bib with its edging seems very 16th century to my eye, while the keffiyeh (square headcloth) with brown agal (the rope to hold it in place) is the one gesture to the middle eastern origins that came to my attention

The oversized baby comes with oversized hair for a newborn, but the gestures of the “support staff” that tend to him are visually more interesting. The one at the bottom right is particularly interesting, the turn of her shoulder showing the work she is putting in, and the sweep of the skirt contrasting with the horizontal band of her blouse. I’m pretty sure those are wings on the worker who faces her, the angelic and the human working together in the story.

The flocks deserve a close look, along with the hilltop habitations; the middle one with its miniature walls suggest that all was not always peaceful in these imagined times.


And then there’s the Mary, not, evidently, in “Virgin Mary Blue” but rather a acreamy color. She’s still got the nicely decorated collar line and flowing fabric. Her hair is loose and very, very long – down to her calves, at a minimum

Her chin has a bit of a dimple, and she has the high forehead that was a signal of beauty:


Her headband is more ornate than Joseph’s, a twisting comination of patterned and smoothed side replicated by the sculptor. And, we can see that her hair was likely blond, with all that yellow tinting surviving to the present day.

In short, lots to look at. There’s no single focal point here; instead, everything participates in the story. That shared participation is what gives the carving its warmth. It leaves you with the sense that holiness and humanness are woven together in every inch of the scene.


OTHER BRNO MORAVIAN GALLERY ARTWORKS: 

Wednesday, November 19, 2025

Brno’s Torso of Christ

Keeping up my theme of art works from The Moravian Gallery in Brno (Czech: Moravská galerie v Brně) – because who among us doesn’t have a backlog of photos from their phone – today’s post is on the badly charred torso of Christ from ca 1500.

This is an amazing piece, first because it survived at all. The middle portion of the sculpture looks more like what one sees when one rolls a log out of the campfire to start the process of tidying up the campsite for the night. The blackened, charcoal-black interior is exposed to the modern eye as a textural commentary on the substance of the object, carbon transmuted not to diamond but to dust.

Torso of Christ, Brno Moravian Gallery, detail

And then the surprise. Move one's attention from the char to the head, and there is an eloquence to the sculpture that explains its ongoing presence on display. The rough-hewn nose, slightly flat on the top, and shaded from the smoke on its size reminds us of the carver’s art,while the moustached and bearded mouth shows the way that broad incisive lines can add character and heft to a face. The curls at the bottom of the beard seem artifact, not natural curl—made, not grown. This seems stylistically telling, a style “from” somewhere and sometime, the kind of over-the-top taste that makes the grandkids groan. Surely this is a detail that might help us localize the sculpture?

Likewise, the carved curls to the side of the face show the lions-mane hairstyle of a glamour boy. A bit Fabio-esque, am I right? Compare the sculpted image to the profiles of the 1980's mega-model bedecking romance novels from the Guardian retrospective of 2015:



"Fabio: a man of many book covers" from The Guardian

Both have voluminous and abundant hair, with curled whisps providing shape. Those enviable tresses are slightly longer than shoulder-length. A heavier curve of especially dense locks right at cheek level then extends the gesture of the cheekbone out into airier, hairier space. Good hair is an attractive trait, in martyr or in model.

Fabio is fun, of course, but the Christ figure is also a man of sorrows, a vivid reminder of the passion story, so let us return our focus there.

The moustache, of course, adds a countervailing curve, turned up where the beard turns down, adding a bit of sinuous shaping; not so much an S- curve as a mini-recurve bow, adding interest to the downward droop of sorrow from the eye. You know that tears would catch there.

The statue’s worry lines are again a reminder that a simple wedge-shaped line can do a lot to tell a story, and the slit of the eye asks the viewer to imagine the loss of closure.

In all, it is a gripping statue, one that speaks volumes through its silence, the parted lips a final exhalation heard across the centuries.


RESOURCES

A Very Large G: Recognizing the Five Salutations in a Villingen Prayerbook

So there I was, scrolling through microfilm, as one does, and copying out the openings of prayers in Einsiedeln 654 (olim 1324). This ...